Charlemagne’s reform program apparently did not directly impact the use of the Creed. There was no attempt to replace the textus receptus of the Apostles Creed with the Nicene Creed that was currently used in the Roman rite of the traditio and redditio. This is not to say Charlemagne was not concerned about the baptismal creed.49 He insisted that the same creed be used by all the clergy within his realm.50 The choice of creed fell upon the textus receptus of the Apostles Creed, which was “a native
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